Wonke umntu ujonge indlela yokugcina izibane zikhanya xa umbane ucima.Njengoko imozulu isanda ngamandla enkqonkqoza igridi yamandla ngaphandle kweintanethi kangangeentsuku ngexesha kwezinye iingingqi, iinkqubo zefosili esekwe kwifosili-ezizezi ziijenereyitha eziphathwayo okanye ezisisigxina-zibonakala zingathembekanga.Yiyo loo nto amandla elanga okuhlala edityaniswe nokugcinwa kwebhetri (ukuba ibe lishishini le-esoteric niche) likhawuleza libe lolona khetho luqhelekileyo lokulungela intlekele, ngokuhambelana nabafakeli abangaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini, abavelisi, kunye neengcaphephe zeshishini esithe sadlana kuzo.
Kubanikazi bezindlu, iibhetri ze-kilowatt ezininzi ezihlawulisa ukusuka kwiipaneli zelanga eziphahleni zithembisa ukuqina kwimeko yentlekele yendalo-umthombo othembekileyo, ohlawulelwayo, okhawulezayo wombane ukugcina izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zisebenza de igridi ibuyele kwi-intanethi.Kwizinto eziluncedo, olo fakelo luthembisa igridi yombane ezinzileyo kunye nephantsi kwekhabhoni kungekudala.Nantsi indlela onokuthi uyilungiselele ngayo ikhaya lakho.(Zilungiselele njeukothuka kwesincamathelisi.)
Ngubani ofanele ukufumana oku
Umbane ogciniweyo xa ucima ubalulekile kuye nabani na ojonge ukugcina intuthuzelo esisiseko kunye nesakhono sonxibelelwano.Yilinganise ukuya kwisistim enkulu, kwaye ungaya ngaphaya kweziseko, uxhasa izixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ixesha elingakumbi de amandla egridi abuye.Ezi zisombululo zilungiselelwe kakhulu ukuba sicebise iibhetri ezithile, ukuphakamisa ukuba zingaphi ii-kilowatt-iiyure zokugcina ozifunayo ukuqhuba ikhaya lakho xa igridi iphantsi, okanye ukucacisa ukuba ungakanani umveliso welanga owufunayo ukugcina ibhetri yakho ihlawulwe.Gcina ukhumbule, kwakhona, ukuba ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo-kubandakanya iimfuno zakho zamandla athile, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nendawo (malunga nelizwe ngalinye kunye ne-utility ineenkqubo zayo zenkuthazo, izaphulelo, kunye neekhredithi zerhafu) -zonke izinto ezithatha izigqibo zakho zokuthenga.
Injongo yethu kukukunceda ukuba ucinge ngezinto ezintathu: imibuzo ekufuneka uzibuze yona malunga nokuba yintoni kwaye kutheni ufaka i-backup yebhetri yelanga ekhayeni lakho, imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze abanokuthi bafakele xa udibana nabo, kunye nombuzo wokuba ingaba inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri imele ikakhulu utyalo-mali kwikhaya lakho lokuqina okanye kwigridi yexesha elizayo iyonke.“Oko kufana nje neyure yokuqala enesiqingatha yencoko yam: ukuxelela abantu into ekufuneka bacinge ngayo,” utshilo uRebekah Carpenter, umseki weFingerlakes Renewables Solar Energy kumantla eNew York.
Ndiyasibona isizathu.Kwafuneka ndibeke iiyure zophando ukuze ndisonge intloko yam kuyo yonke into engaphakathi kunye nokuphuma, ukuphonononga imizekelo yofakelo kunye nokudlala indima yomthengi oza kuba ngumthengi.Kwaye ndiyavelana naye nawuphi na umntu owenza olu tyalo-mali.Uya kujongana ne-raft yezigqibo eziphambili-ukusuka kukhetho lwakho lwekontraka ukuya kuyilo kunye nabavelisi benkqubo yakho ukuya kwinkxaso-mali.Kwaye yonke iya kusongelwa kwiileya zejagoni yobugcisa.UBlake Richetta, i-CEO yomenzi webhetriSonnen, wathi olona celomngeni luphambili ajamelene nalo kukuguqulela le nkcazelo kubathengi bakhe, okanye, njengoko eyibeka, “ukuyenza ibe mnandi kubantu abaqhelekileyo.”Ngokwenene akukho ndlela ilula yokujongana nombuzo wokuba, njani, kwaye kutheni kufuneka usebenzise ugcino lwebhetri yelanga.
Kutheni kufuneka usithembe
Phambi kokuba ndiqale esi sikhokelo, amava am ekuphela kwawo ngamandla elanga yayiyeyokuntywilwa ngocingo lwenkomo oluqhutywa lilanga kwifama esentlango.Ngoko ke ukuze ndizinike ikhosi yokuphahlazeka kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri yelanga, ndathetha nemithombo engaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kubandakanywa nabasunguli okanye abaphathi beebhetri ezintandathu;abafakeli abahlanu abanamava kakhulu, abavela eMassachusetts, eNew York, eGeorgia, nase-Illinois;kunye nomseki we-EnergySage, ohlonitshwayo "umchasi welanga ongakhethi cala” enikezela ngeengcebiso zasimahla nezineenkcukacha kubaninimzi kuzo zonke izinto ezinxulumene nelanga.(EnergySage vets installers, abanokuthi ke bahlawule umrhumo wokuba bafakwe kuluhlu lwenkampani lweekontraka ezivunyiweyo.) Kwiinzame zokubonelela ngobubanzi beembono kunye nobunzulu bolwazi, ndifune abafakeli kwiindawo zelizwe rhoqo. ibonwa njengoncedo kwilanga, kunye nabo baneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa lowo ugxile ekuboneleleni ngamandla elanga kuluntu lwasemaphandleni olungathathi ntweni.Kade kwinkqubo, nje ukuzonwabisa, ndajoyina umnxeba phakathi komfaki kunye nomntakwethu kunye nomninawa wam (abaza kuba ngabathengi besola kunye nebhetri eTexas), ukuva ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo ababuzwa ngu-pro (kunye ngokuchaseneyo) malunga nokucwangcisa ufakelo olutsha.
Ithetha ukuthini i-solar ene-backup yebhetri, kanye?
Iiphaneli zelanga ezinokugcinwa kwebhetri ezigciniweyo aziyonto intsha: Abantu bebesebenzisa iibhanki zeebhetri ze-lead-acid ukugcina amandla elanga amashumi eminyaka.Kodwa ezo nkqubo zininzi, zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, zithembele kwizinto ezinobuthi kunye ne-corrosion, kwaye kaninzi kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo, isakhiwo sokumelana nemozulu.Ngokubanzi, ziphelele kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ezingaphandle kwegridi.Esi sikhokelo sigxile kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-grid-died system solar, apho iipaneli zelanga zinika amandla kuzo zombini kunye negridi.Ke sithetha endaweni yangoku, icwecwe, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yanamhlanje eyaqala ukuvela ngo-2010s.
Kubantu abaninzi, inkqubo yokuqala enjalo abayivayo yayiyi-Powerwall kaTesla, eyabhengezwa kwi-2015. Ukususela ngo-2022, ngokutsho kwe-EnergySage umsunguli uVikram Aggarwal, ubuncinane iinkampani ze-26 zibonelela ngeenkqubo zokugcina i-lithium-ion e-US, nangona nje abavelisi abasixhenxe be-akhawunti. phantse lonke ufakelo.Ukusuka esona sabelo siphezulu ukuya kwesona sisezantsi, abo benzi banjaloGxininisa,Tesla,LG,Panasonic,SunPower,NeoVolta, kwayeGenerac.Ungadibana namagama amaninzi njengoko uqala uphando lwakho.Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uzinika olona luhlu lubanzi lokhetho, kubalulekile ukuthetha neekontraka ezininzi, kuba uninzi lwazo zisebenza kunye nabenzi beebhetri ezimbini okanye ezintathu kuphela.(Umahluko phakathi kweebhetri ubukhulu becala uhla kwi-chemistry, uhlobo lwamandla okufakwayo abawathathayo, umthamo wabo wokugcina, kunye nomthamo wabo womthwalo, njengoko kuchazwe kwimihlathi elandelayo.)
Ngokusisiseko, nangona kunjalo, zonke iibhetri zisebenza ngendlela efanayo: Zigcina amandla kwiipaneli zelanga eziphezu kophahla njengamandla ekhemikhali emini, kwaye emva koko ziyawakhulula njengoko kufuneka (ubukhulu becala ebusuku, xa iipaneli zelanga zingasebenzi, ngokunjalo. ngexesha lokucima kombane) ukugcina izixhobo zombane zekhaya lakho kunye nezixhobo zisebenza.Kwaye zonke iibhetri zihlawulisa kuphela nge-DC (ngokuthe ngqo) amandla, uhlobo olufanayo oluveliswa ngeepaneli zelanga.
Kodwa ngaphaya koko, kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi.“Iibhetri azenziwanga ngokufanayo,” utshilo uAggarwal.“Baneekhemistri ezahlukeneyo.Bane-wattages eyahlukileyo.Zineeampere ezahlukeneyo.Kwaye ingakanani i-amperage enokukhutshwa kwibhetri ngexesha elithile, okt, zingaphi izixhobo zombane endinokuziqhuba ngaxeshanye?Akukho nto ilingana nayo yonke into. ”
Ubungakanani bamandla enokuthi ibhetri igcinwe, ilinganiswe kwii-kilowatt-iiyure, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yinto ephambili kwizibalo zakho.Ukuba indawo okuyo ayifane ibenokucima umbane okude, ibhetri encinci kunye nengabizi kakhulu ingafanelana neemfuno zakho.Ukuba ukucima kommandla wakho kuhlala ixesha elide, ibhetri enkulu ingafuneka.Kwaye ukuba unezixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwikhaya lakho ezingenakuvunyelwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ziphelelwe ngamandla, iimfuno zakho zinokuba phezulu.Ezi zizinto zonke onokucinga ngazo ngaphambi kokuba uqhagamshelane nabafakeli abanokuthi bafake-kwaye abo bachwephesha kufuneka baphulaphule iimfuno zakho kwaye babuze imibuzo eya kukunceda usulungekise ukucinga kwakho.
Kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ezinye izinto ezimbalwa, ngokunjalo.
Eyokuqala kukuba uya kufakela isixokelelwano selanga esitsha kwangaxeshanye ufaka ugcino lwebhetri, okanye uyakube ulungisa kwakhona ibhetri kwinkqubo esele ikhona.
Ukuba yonke into iya kuba ntsha, uya kuba nolona luhlu lubanzi lokhetho kukhetho lwakho lwebhetri kunye nokhetho lwakho lweepaneli zelanga.Uninzi lofakelo olutsha lusebenzisa iibhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC.Oko kuthetha ukuba umbane weDC oveliswa ziiphaneli zakho utya kwikhaya lakho kwaye uhlawulisa ibhetri ngokuthe ngqo.Umsinga ke udlula kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter, esiguqula umbane we-DC (umbane othe ngqo) ube ngumbane we-AC (alternating current)—uhlobo lwamandla asetyenziswa ngamakhaya.Le nkqubo inika eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokubiza iibhetri.Kodwa kubandakanya ukuqhuba i-DC ephezulu kwikhaya lakho, efuna umsebenzi okhethekileyo wombane.Kwaye uninzi lwabantu endithethe nabo bavakalise ukungabaza malunga nokhuseleko lwe-DC ephezulu yombane.
Ke endaweni yoko ungakhetha into ebizwa ngokuba ziibhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC, kwaye ufake uluhlu lwelanga olusebenzisa ii-microinverters ngasemva kwephaneli nganye ukuguqula imveliso yazo ibe yi-AC kuphahla lwakho (nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho msinga wombane ophezulu ungena ekhayeni lakho).Ukutshaja ibhetri, ii-microinverters ezidityanisiweyo kwibhetri ngokwayo emva koko uguqule umbane kwi-DC, eguqulwa ibuyele kwi-AC xa ibhetri ithumela amandla kwikhaya lakho.Iibhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC azisebenzi kakuhle kuneebhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC, kuba ngoguqulo ngalunye amandla ombane alahlekileyo njengobushushu.Yiba nengxoxo engafihlisiyo kunye nesifakeli sakho malunga nezinto ezilungileyo, ezimbi, kunye nokhuseleko olunxulumene nendlela nganye.
Ukuba sele unoluhlu lwelanga kwaye ufuna ukufaka ibhetri, iindaba ezinkulu kukuba ngoku ungayenza.“Ndiyenze le nto iminyaka engama-20, kwaye ndikwazi ukungena kwaye ndijonge inkqubo kwaye ndiyibuyisele kwakhona kuyamangalisa,” utshilo uRebekah Carpenter weFingerlakes Renewables.“Ndikhumbula xa kwakungekho ndlela yakuphinda ndiyilungise inkqubo.Ubungenakukwazi ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kwaphela ukuba igridi ihlile.”
Isisombululo silele kwii-inverters ezixubileyo, ezibonelela ngezakhono ezimbini eziphambili.Okokuqala, bathatha igalelo njenge-AC okanye i-DC, kwaye emva koko basebenzisa isoftware ukufumanisa apho ifuneka khona kwaye benze naluphi na utshintsho oluyimfuneko.“Yibani-okanye-yaye,” watsho uMchweli.“Iyisebenzisa ukutshaja iibhetri [DC], iyisebenzisela ikhaya okanye igridi [AC], okanye ukuba inamandla awoneleyo angenayo, iyisebenzisela zombini ngaxeshanye.”Wongeze ukuba into ayibiza ngokuba yi-“agnostic” hybrid inverters inexabiso elithile lokubuyisela iinkqubo zebhetri, kuba zinokusebenza ngeebhetri zeempawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo;abanye abenzi beebhetri banqanda ii-inverters zabo ezixutywe ukuba zisebenze kuphela ngeebhetri zabo.Umchweli ukhankanyiweIsiqithi saseSunnynjengomenzi omnye we-agnostic inverters.ISol-Arkngomnye umzekelo.
Ukuba sele unoluhlu lwelanga kwaye ufuna ukufaka ibhetri, iindaba ezinkulu kukuba ngoku ungayenza.
Okwesibini, ii-inverters ezixubileyo zinokuvelisa oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumqondiso wegridi.Uluhlu lwelanga kufuneka luve ukuba igridi ikwi-intanethi ukuze isebenze.Ukuba balahlekelwa ngulo mqondiso-oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ukuphuma kwegridi-bayeka ukusebenza de umbane ubuye;oku kuthetha ukuba awunawo amandla kude kube lelo xesha.(Ngumbandela wokhuseleko, wacacisa uSven Amirian wase-Invaleon: “Uncedo lufuna ukuba ungawondli umva amandla xa kukho [abantu] abasebenza emigceni.”) Ngokuvelisa umqondiso wegridi, ii-inverters ezixutyiweyo zivumela isixokelelwano sakho selanga esele sikhona. qhubeka ubaleka ukucima, ukunika amandla ikhaya lakho kunye nokutshaja ibhetri emini kwaye usebenzisa ibhetri ukunika amandla ikhaya lakho ebusuku.
Ukongeza kumthamo wokugcina, ulinganiswe kwii-kilowatt-iiyure, iibhetri zinamandla okulayisha, alinganiswe kwii-kilowatts.Igama elithileumthamo oqhubekayoibhekisa kubungakanani bamandla ebhetri enokuthi iwathumele phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ibonisa umda wokuba zingaphi iisekethe onokuzisebenzisa ngaxeshanye.Igama elithileamandla aphezuluibhekisa kumandla ebhetri anokuwakhupha kwimizuzwana embalwa xa isixhobo esikhulu esifana nesixhobo sokupholisa umoya sikhaba sidala imfuno yejusi eyongezelelekileyo ngequbuliso;isiganeko esinjalo sidinga umthamo wencopho owomeleleyo.Qhagamshelana nekontraka yakho ukuze ufumane ibhetri eya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho.
Ikhemistri yebhetri yeLithium-ion inzima, kodwa kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ilanga.Ezona ziqhelekileyo zi-NMC, okanye i-nickel-magnesium-cobalt, iibhetri.Okuncinci okuqhelekileyo (kunye nophuhliso lwamva nje) yi-LFP, okanye i-lithium-iron-phosphate, iibhetri.(Isiqalo esingaqhelekanga sivela kwelinye igama, i-lithium ferrophosphate.) Iibhetri ze-NMC zezona zimbini zixinene ngamandla, njengoko zincinci ngokwasemzimbeni kumthamo onikiweyo wokugcina.Kodwa zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha (zinendawo esezantsi yeflash, okanye iqondo lobushushu, kwaye ke ngokwethiyori bachaphazeleka ngakumbi kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi.ukusasazwa komlilo oshushu obalekayo).Basenokuba nemijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo yobomi obuphantsi.Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-cobalt, ngokukodwa, kunokukhathazeka okuthile, ekubeni imveliso yayo ibophelelwe ngokungekho mthethweni kunyeimisebenzi yemigodi exhaphazayo.Iibhetri ze-LFP, zixinene ngamandla, kufuneka zibe nkulu noko kumthamo onikiweyo, kodwa azikhathali kangako ekuveliseni ubushushu kwaye zinokuba nemijikelo ephezulu yokukhupha intlawulo.Ekugqibeleni, uya kugqiba naluphi na uhlobo lwebhetri olungena kakuhle kuyilo ozinzile kunye nonokontraka wakho.Njengesiqhelo, nangona kunjalo, yiba nomdla kwaye ubuze imibuzo.
Kwaye oko kuzisa inqaku lokugqibela: Thetha nabafakeli belanga abaninzi ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe enye.“Abathengi kufuneka bahlale bethelekisa ivenkile,” utshilo u-EnergySage's Aggarwal.Uninzi lwabafakeli basebenza kunye neebhetri ezimbalwa kunye nabavelisi bephaneli, okuthetha ukuba awuyi kufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo wento enokwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na enye yazo.UKeith Marett, umongameli weenkonzo zamandla acocekileyo eGenerac-umenzi wefosili-fuel system backup esanda ngokukhawuleza ibe yi-backup ehlaziyiweyo-uthe "into enkulu kubaninimzi, eneneni, kukufumanisa ukuba bafuna ukuba yintoni indlela yabo yokuphila ngexesha lokungabikho. , nokwakha inkqubo yokuxhasa oko.”Ukongeza ugcino lwebhetri lutyalo-mali olukhulu kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu, ukutshixa kwinkqubo ethile, ke ungangxami isigqibo sakho.
Oku kuya kuxabisa ntoni—kwaye ngaba uyifuna ngokwenene?
Ndihlala kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho ukugcinwa kwebhetri yelanga yangaphakathi kungavumelekanga ngenxa yekhowudi yomlilo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwebhetri kwangaphandle kuthetha ukuhambahamba.Ulawulo lweKremlinesque (PDF).(Isiqhulo kukuba phantse akukho mntu apha unendawo yangaphandle ukuqala.) Andikwazanga nokufakela ibhetri nokuba bekuvunyelwe—ndihlala kwindlu edibeneyo, hayi ikhaya elizimeleyo, ngoko ke andinalo elam. uphahla lweepaneli zelanga.Kodwa nokuba ndiyakwazi ukufaka ibhetri, ukuphanda nokubhala esi sikhokelo kundenze ndazibuza ukuba ndingenza njalo na.Kufanelekile ukuba uzibuze imibuzo ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba utsale i-trigger.
Ukuqala, ukufakela ugcino lwebhetri kubiza ngokwendalo.Idatha ye-EnergySage ibonisa ukuba kwikota yokugqibela ka-2021, ixabiso eliphakathi nge-kilowatt-yure yokugcina ibhetri yayiphantse ibe yi-1,300 yeedola.Kakade ke, oko kuthetha ukuba isiqingatha seebhetri kuluhlu lwenkampani zibiza ngaphantsi kwe kilowatt-yure nganye (kwaye isiqingatha zibiza ngaphezulu).Kodwa kunye nomenzi webhetri onexabiso eliphantsi kuluhlu lwe-EnergySage,Igridi yasekhaya, ibiza ngaphezulu kwe-6,000 yeedola kwi-9.6 kWh inkqubo.Iibhetri ezisuka “kwisixhenxe esikhulu” (kwakhona, yiloo ntoGxininisa,Tesla,LG,Panasonic,SunPower,NeoVolta, kwayeGenerac) ixabiso ukusuka malunga nesiqingatha esinye nesiqingatha ukuya ngaphezulu kabini.“Okwangoku yeyabantu abalungileyo,” utshilo u-EnergySage's Aggarwal encwina.Wongezelela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixabiso lokugcina ibhetri lide lihlala liphantsi, kwaye ulindele ukuqhubeka.
Ngaba ngokwenene kufuneka uchithe itoni yemali ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho xa kucinywe umbane?Kukho iinketho ezingabizi kakhulu kune-high-kilowatt yokugcina ilanga, kuqukaiijenereyitha zepetroli eziphathwayo,izikhululo zamandla eziphathwayo ze-lithium-ion, kwaye incinciiitshaja zebhetri zelangaejolise ekugcineni izixhobo zisebenza.
Ezo ndlela ziphathwayo—kwanazo zitshajwayo zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi—azikho lula njengokuplaga izinto kwindawo yokuphuma eludongeni.Nangona kunjalo kukho iindlela zokufumana iisekethe zasekhaya zisebenze ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesolar engaphezulu kophahla.Inqaku elinguziro, eye yaba nempumelelo yokuthengisa iijeneretha zelanga kwiinkampu kunye neeRVers, inika kwakhona ikiti yokudibanisa ekhaya esebenzisa ezo generator kwizindlu zombane.Kwi-blackout, uqhawula ngesandla ikhaya lakho kwigridi (iswitshi yokudlulisa ngokomzimba ibandakanyiwe kumsebenzi wofakelo).Emva koko uqhuba iisekethe zekhaya lakho kwibhetri yangaphandle yeNjongo enguZero kwaye uyitshaje kwakhona ngeepaneli zelanga eziphathwayo zeGoal Zero.Ngandlel’ ithile, le khithi ye-Goal Zero yahlula umahluko phakathi kwenkqubo yesolar-plus-bhetri efakwe ngokupheleleyo kunye netshaja yebhetri yelanga esisiseko.Ukusetyenziswa kwenguqu yokuqhawula i-manual yongeza inyathelo elongezelelweyo ngokubhekiselele kutshintshiselwano oluzenzekelayo olusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zelanga eziboshwe ngegridi.Ixabiso?"Siqala malunga needola ezingama-4,000 ezifakwe kwikhaya lakho kwibhetri yethu ye-3-kilowatt-yure," utshilo umphathi wenkampani uBill Harmon.
Zonke ezi zikhetho zineentsilelo zazo kunye nemida.Itshaja yesixhobo selanga iya kukuvumela ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nabantu obathandayo kwaye ikunikeze ukufikelela kwizilumkiso zeendaba kwimeko kaxakeka, kodwa ayizukuyigcina ifriji isebenza.Amafutha efosili anokuphela, akushiye uxinezelekile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ijenereyitha yefosili ayinabungozi kokusingqongileyo.“Kodwa, xa sele kutshiwo, ukuba uza kuyiqhuba kabini kuphela ngonyaka, iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngonyaka, mhlawumbi ungaphila nempembelelo okwangoku,” utshilo u-Aggarwal.Abenzi beebhetri abaliqela babandakanye ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iijenereyitha zamafutha efosili ukutshaja iibhetri zabo kwimeko yokucima umbane okwandisiweyo.Usihlalo we-Sonnen kunye ne-CEO uBlake Richetta uthe ukuba injongo yakho kukunyamezela emva kwentlekele, "Ngokwenene kufuneka ube nejenereyitha yegesi-inkxaso yokugcina."
Ngamafutshane, kufanelekile ukuvavanya ubunzima obulindelekileyo bexesha elizayo kwimeko kaxakeka ngokuchasene neendleko zokufumana ukomelela.Ndithethe noJoe Lipari, usekela mongameli weeprojekthi eBrooklyn SolarWorks (ethi, njengoko igama libonisa, isebenza kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho, kwakhona, iibhetri zingekabikho ukhetho), kwaye wakhankanya okuhle.Umntla-mpuma umnyama ngo-2003.Yayizintsuku ezimbalwa ezingemnandanga phambi kokuba umbane ubuye.Kodwa ndiye ndahlala apha phantse iminyaka engama-20, yaye kuphela kwexesha endakhe ndaphelelwa ngamandla ngalo.Ngokucacileyo ngokwembono yamalungiselelo kaxakeka, ndibuze uLipari ukuba yintoni emandiyithathe ekuphumeni ngo-2003-oko kukuthi, ngaba yayiyingxaki ukomeleza ngokuchasene okanye umngcipheko omncinci wokufunxa?“Abantu basizisa loo nto,” waphendula watsho."Ukuhlawula i-$ 20,000 eyongezelelweyo ukufumana inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri?Mhlawumbi akuyomfuneko.”
Ungaliqhuba ixesha elingakanani ikhaya lakho kwi-backup yebhetri yelanga?
Sibuze iingcali ezininzi ukuba ezi nkqubo zingahlala ixesha elingakanani xa kucinywa, sithetha ngokubanzi.Impendulo emfutshane kunye ne-Conservative: ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24 kwibhetri enye.Kodwa amabango ahluka kakhulu kangangokuba impendulo ecokisekileyo kulo mbuzo ayiqiniseki kangako.
Ngo-2020, ngokutshoUlawulo lweeNkcukacha zaMandla e-USamanani, ikhaya eliqhelekileyo lase-US lidla iiyure ezingama-29.3 ze-kilowatt ngosuku.Ibhetri eqhelekileyo yelanga egcinayo inokugcina kwindawo ethile malunga ne-10 kilowatt-iiyure.Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ndikuxelele ukuba oku akunakuqhuba indlu yakho yonke imini,” utshilo u-EnergySage's Aggarwal.Iibhetri zihlala zibekeka, okuthetha ukuba ungadibanisa iibhetri ezininzi kunye ukwandisa ugcino lwakho.Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwenza oko akubizi.Kubantu abaninzi, i-stacking ayisebenzi-okanye inokwenzeka ngemali.
Kodwa "ixesha elingakanani ndingakwazi ukuqhuba ikhaya lam" ngokwenene yindlela engafanelekanga yokucinga malunga nokugcinwa kwelanga kwimeko yokucima umbane.Into enye, unokulindela iiphaneli zakho zelanga ukuba zombini zizise amandla kwikhaya lakho kwaye utshaje ibhetri yakho emini-kwimozulu enelanga-ngaloo ndlela ngokuqhubekayo uhlaziya umthombo wakho wamandla ogcinayo.Oko kongeza uhlobo lokuqina olusweleyo iijenereyitha zefosili, kuba xa irhasi okanye ipropane yazo iphelile, azinamsebenzi de ufumane amafutha amaninzi.Yaye oko kusenokungenzeki kwimeko kaxakeka.
Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lokucima, ubungakanani bamandla owagcinayo bubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ungakanani amandla onokuwagcina.Ukuze wenze ibhetri yakho ihlale ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuya kufuneka unciphise indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo.Emva kokuphila kwiNkanyamba uAndrew eMiami, ngowe-1992, ndaguqula imiceli mngeni yaloo mava—andinamandla kangangeentsuku, igrosari ebolileyo—ndandenza ndafuna ukubuza.Ndibuze bonke abafakeli kunye nabenzi bebhetri ndathetha kumbuzo ofanayo: Ndicinga ukuba ndifuna ukugcina ifriji isebenza (ukhuseleko lokutya), gcina izixhobo ezimbalwa ezihlawulisiweyo (zonxibelelwano kunye nolwazi), kwaye ugcine izibane ezithile zivuliwe (ukwenzela ukhuseleko lwasebusuku), ndingalindela ukuba ibhetri ihlale ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle kokutshaja kwakhona?
U-Keyvan Vasefi, intloko yemveliso, imisebenzi, kunye nemveliso kwiInqaku elinguziro, uthe yena nenkosikazi yakhe baye baqhuba iimvavanyo ezininzi kwibhetri yabo eyi-3 kWh, kwaye banokuhamba usuku olunesiqingatha “besebenzisa ifriji, ukutshaja iifowuni ezininzi, kunye negumbi lokulala elikhulu kunye negumbi lokuhlambela elinokukhanya.Balwenzile novavanyo ngeepaneli zabo zelanga ezincanyathiselwe ebhetrini.Ndikhumbula ukuba uVasefi unomdla ekuthengiseni le teknoloji, ndingatsho ukuba wenza ityala elinyanzelisayo: "Sizama ukwenza ngathi sisiphelo sehlabathi kwaye sibone okwenzekayo, kwaye sinokufumana ngokungenammiselo. baleka ixesha” kwezo ziphaluka zilinganiselwe, watsho.Iibhetri zibuyela kwikhulu leepesenti yonke imihla ngentsimbi yesi-6:00 ngokuhlwa kwaye siziva sonwabile ngaloo nto.
Ibhetri ye-10 kWh inokuqhuba ifriji, izibane ezithile, kunye neetshaja ezininzi zesixhobo kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, utshilo uSven Amirian, usekela mongameli wase-Invaleon, isifakeli esekwe eMassachusetts.Elo xesha lichazwe ngu-Aric Saunders, usekela mongameli ophezulu womenzi weebhetri u-Electriq.
Xa ufumana ibhetri efakiweyo, unokontraka wakho unokukucela ukuba ukhethe “isethi engxamisekileyo” elinganiselweyo yeesekethe zekhaya lakho, abaza kuthi emva koko bahambe bedlula kwiphaneli engaphantsi.Ngexesha lokucima, ibhetri iya kondla ezi sekethe kuphela.(Ngokomzekelo, utata unejenereyitha yokugcina ipropane ekhayeni lakhe eliseVirginia, kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwenye yeeyunithi zakhe ezintathu zokupholisa umoya, ifriji, indawo yokuphekela ekhitshini, isifudumezi esifunekayo, kunye nezibane ezithile. Indlu ayinayo iTV, impahla yokuhlamba impahla, kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo de igridi ibuye. Kodwa ukuba nekhaya elipholileyo kunye neziselo ezibandayo kuthetha umahluko phakathi kobutofotofo kunye nosizi ngexesha lokucima kukagesi rhoqo ehlotyeni.)
Unako kwakhona ukuvala ngesandla iziqhekeza zodwa kwiphaneli yakho ukunciphisa ibhetri ekondleni kuphela abo ucinga ukuba babalulekile.Kwaye zonke iibhetri zokugcina ilanga ziza kunye nee-apps ezibonisa ukuba zeziphi iisekethe ezisetyenziswayo, ezikunceda ukuba ufumane kwaye uphelise imizobo yamandla onokuthi ungayihoyi.“Ngexesha lokwenyani, ungayitshintsha imikhwa yakho kwaye mhlawumbi wolule olunye usuku,” utshilo u-Amirian.Qaphela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphononongo lwabathengi be-apps luhlobo olufanayo lwengxowa exutyiweyo esiyifumana kuyo yonke i-smart-appliance app esiyivavanyayo: Abanye abantu bayabathanda, ngelixa abanye bekhungathekile kukusebenza okumdaka kunye nohlaziyo lwebuggy.
Ekugqibeleni, abenzi beebhetri baqala ukubonelela ngeepaneli ezihlakaniphile.Ngale nto ungasebenzisa i-app yakho ukuguqula iisekethe zomntu ngamnye ukuba uvule kwaye uvale ukude kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso ukuba zeziphi iisekethe ezisetyenziswa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo (uthi, ukuvala izibane zegumbi kunye neendawo zokuphuma emini kwaye uzibuyisele ebusuku).Kwaye isoftware yebhetri iya kuthatha amanyathelo okwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla akho, ukuvala iisekethe ezingafunekiyo.Kodwa u-Amirian walumkisa ukuba ukufaka ipaneli ehlakaniphileyo akukho lula okanye kutshiphu."Kuninzi ukufundiswa kwabathengi ekumele kwenzeke, okuhle kunye nokubi, iindleko kunye neenzuzo, 'ndifuna ukukwazi ukulawula yonke isekethe' ngokuchasene 'Oko kuya kuba yi-$ 10,000 yomsebenzi wombane wokucinywa kweentsuku ezimbini. '”
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba nokuba utshaja ngokutsha ngelanga okulinganiselweyo, uya kuba nakho ukonyusa ixesha onokuligcina umbane ungekho kwigridi-kodwa kuphela ukuba ufuna ibhetri encinci.Olu balo luchazwe kakuhle nguJonnell Carol Minefee, umseki weSolar Tyme USA, isifakeli selanga esekwe eGeorgia esigxile emaphandleni, abantu abambalwa, kunye noluntu oluhlwempuzekileyo: “Ndiyaqonda ukuba singamaMelika, siyayithanda nantoni na yethu, nokuba yintoni na. kodwa kufuneka sifunde ukuphila ngaphandle kwabo bonke ubunewunewu ngamanye amaxesha.”
Indlela ugcino lwelanga kunye nebhetri lungenza ngayo impembelelo enkulu
Nangona ukugcinwa kwebhetri yelanga kuya kugcina izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza xa kucinywa, abavelisi kunye nabafakeli abathile endithethe nabo bonke bathi bacinga ukuba ngumsebenzi oluncedo kodwa wesibini.Ubukhulu becala, bajonga ezo nkqubo njengendlela yokuba abaninimzi banciphise amatyala abo ngokuqhelisela into ebizwa ngokuba “yipeak shaving.”Ngamaxesha emfuno ephezulu (emva kwemini ukuya kwangokuhlwa), xa ezinye izinto eziluncedo ziphakamisa amaxabiso azo, abanini beebhetri batshintshela kumandla ebhetri okanye bathumele amandla kwakhona kwigridi;oku kubenza bafumane izaphulelo okanye iikhredithi kuncedo lwasekuhlaleni.
Kodwa usetyenziso olubaluleke ngakumbi kwiibhetri luselundini.Izinto eziluncedo ziqala ukuphucula iziseko zazo zegridi ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa iibhetri zabucala njengezityalo zamandla, okanye iiVPPs.(Ambalwa sele esebenza, kwaye iinkqubo ezinjalo kulindeleke ukuba zixhaphake kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.) Okwangoku, kukho uphahla oluninzi lwelanga kunye neefama ezininzi zelanga kangangokuba zigxininisa igridi phakathi kwemini.Onke amandla abawavelisayo kufuneka aye ndaweni ithile, ngoko aqukuqela kuthungelwano lwegridi, enyanzela izixhobo eziluncedo ukuba zinike amandla ezinye zezityalo zabo ezinkulu zamafutha efosili, ukugcina unikezelo lombane kunye nemfuno zilingana.Kuvakala kukuhle-ukusika ukukhutshwa kweCO2 yinxalenye yesolar, akunjalo?Kodwa eso sikhewu sokutshona kwelanga sifika kanye njengoko iiphaneli zesola ziyeka ukuvelisa umbane.(Umjikelo wemihla ngemihla wemveliso yelanga egqithileyo yasemini kunye nemfuno egqithisileyo yangokuhlwa ivelisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi “idada ijiko, "igama onokuthi uqhube kulo kuphando lwakho lokugcina ibhetri.) Ukuhlangabezana nokunyuka kwemfuno, izinto eziluncedo zihlala zinyanzeliswa ukuba zivuthe "izityalo eziphakamileyo," ezingasebenzi kakuhle kunezityalo eziphambili zamafutha efosili kodwa ezikhawulezayo. phakama ngesantya.Isiphumo, ngezinye iintsuku, kukuba izinto ezikhutshwayo ze-CO2 zingaphaya koko bekuya kuba kuko ukuba bezingekho iiphaneli zelanga kwaphela.
Izityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ziya kunceda ukusombulula le ngxaki.Umbane ogqithisileyo welanga uya kuhlawulisa iibhetri zabanikazi bezindlu ngexesha lasemini, kwaye ke izinto eziluncedo ziya kutsalwa kuyo ngexesha le-spike yangokuhlwa, endaweni yokutshisa izityalo eziphezulu.(Abanini beebhetri baya kwenza izivumelwano ezisemthethweni nezixhobo eziluncedo, bebanika ilungelo lokwenza oku kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba bafumane umrhumo ngokuvumela iibhetri zabo zisetyenziswe.)
Ndiza kunika uBlake Richetta kaSonnen igama lokugqibela, kuba akukho ndlela endinokuyibonisa ngcono ukuba i-VPPs imele ntoni:
"Ulawulo lweebhetri, ukuphendula, ukuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwi-grid operator ukuthunyelwa, ukubonelela ngesizukulwana esithatha indawo yesizukulwana esingcolileyo sesityalo esiphezulu, ukwenza igridi isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa igridi kunye nokudala ukuhanjiswa kwiindleko. yezibonelelo zegridi, ukuzinzisa igridi kunye nokubonelela, ukuthetha nawe ngokupheleleyo, isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kwigridi kwimpendulo yefrikhwensi kunye nolawulo lombane, ngokoqobo ukuthatha ilanga ukusuka ekubeni yinkathazo ukuya ekubeni yi-asethi eyongeza ixabiso, kwaye , ukuyibeka, nokuba ukwazi ukutshaja kwigridi, ke ukuba kukho iitoni zeefama zomoya eTexas ezivelisa amandla amakhulu ngentsimbi yesi-3 kusasa, ukutshaja iibhetri ezingama-50,000 kwaye zicwilise loo nto. phezulu-le yeyona nto siyiyo ngokwenene.Oku kukusetyenziswa kwebhetri. "
Eli nqaku lihlelwe nguHarry Sawyers.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-07-2022