I-China iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yamandla amatsha: abahlalutyi
Amachibi okuhlamba kumgodi weLithium womvelisi wasekhaya eCalama, kwingingqi yaseAntofagasta, eChile.Ifoto: VCG
Phakathi kokufunwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwemithombo yamandla emitsha yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, iibhetri ze-lithium ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo ziye zaba zibalaseleyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwizithuthi zombane (EVs).
I-Argentina, iBolivia, kunye neChile, amazwe aseMzantsi Melika "ABC" avelisa i-lithium, kuthiwa aqwalasela imigaqo-nkqubo edibeneyo yokubeka ixabiso lokuthengisa i-mineral ngokusebenzisa umanyano olufana noMbutho we-Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), indawo yeendaba cankaoxiaoxi. com ingxelo ngempelaveki, ecaphula ingxelo evela kwi-Agencia EFE.
Ithemba kukuchaphazela amaxabiso e-lithium ngendlela efanayo ne-OPEC ebeka ngayo amanqanaba okuvelisa ukuchaphazela ixabiso leoli ekrwada, utshilo ingxelo.
Ngendlela efanayo, abaphathiswa bamazwe amathathu bafuna ukuvumelana ngamaxabiso kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zemveliso, kunye nokubeka izikhokelo zeendlela zokujongana nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezoshishino, isayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ngokutsho kwengxelo.
Amaxabiso azinzile ngakumbi
Injongo yokubambisana kwe-lithium kukuphepha ukuguquguquka kwexabiso, elinempembelelo enkulu kubaxhasi be-lithium, uZhang Xiang, umlingani wophando kwiZiko loPhando lwe-Automobile Industry Innovation ye-North China University of Technology, uxelele i-Global Times ngeCawa.
I-OPEC-efana ne-lithium alliance iya kuba nako ukudlala indima ekuzinziseni amaxabiso ezibonelelo ze-lithium, u-Chen Jia, umphandi ozimeleyo kwisicwangciso samazwe ngamazwe, uxelele i-Global Times ngeCawa.
Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), ikhonkco elitsha lonikezelo lwamandla linokwahlulwa ngokulinganayo libe ngamacandelo amahlanu: imigodi, ukusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli, amacandelo eseli, iiseli zebhetri kunye nemveliso efana nokuveliswa kwee-EVs.
Umfelandawonye uya kuba nefuthe elithe ngqo ekunyukeni kwamashishini amatsha avelisa amandla - ezemigodi, batsho abahlalutyi.IArgentina, iBolivia, kunye neChile zithatha malunga neepesenti ezingama-65 zogcino lwelithium eqinisekisiweyo yehlabathi, kwaye imveliso ifikelela kuma-29.5 eepesenti kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2020, ngokweengxelo zemithombo yeendaba.
I-China, nangona kunjalo, ilawula ezantsi kwekhonkco lonikezelo lwamandla amatsha, ngokutsho kwe-IEA.Ibhetri kunye neeminerali zanamhlanje zijikeleza iChina.I-China ivelisa i-75 yeepesenti yazo zonke iibhetri ze-lithium-ion emhlabeni.Ngelixa i-China ingumthengi omkhulu we-lithium ore, ingenisa ngaphandle kweepesenti ezingama-65 ze-lithium feedstock.Ngokumalunga neepesenti ezi-6 ze-lithium carbonate yaseChina zivela eChile kunye neepesenti ze-37 ezivela eArgentina, ngokweengxelo zeendaba.
Ngoko ke, abahlalutyi baphinde bathi ngelixa umanyano lwe-lithium lunokunceda ukuzinzisa amaxabiso kunye nemveliso, intsebenziswano engaphezulu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezoshishino, ngakumbi ne-China, ilungele ukuzinza kokunikezelwa kwehlabathi kunye namatyathanga oshishino.
Intsebenziswano yekhonkco lonikezelo
Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zisisiseko se-EV kunye neebhetri zemoto entsha (NEV), ixabiso le-lithium liya kuwa xa ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ziqala ukungena kwiimarike, utshilo uZhang.
"Umfelandawonye unokubandakanyeka kwingxoxo ngqo kunye neenkampani ze-EV kunye ne-NEV, kwaye omabini amacala angakwazi ukuxoxisana kungekuphela nje ixabiso;kodwa kunye nendlela yophuhliso kunye neemfuno zobuchwepheshe beebhetri ze-lithium kwixesha elizayo, "utshilo uZhang.
I-China, njengomvelisi omkhulu we-NEV kunye nemarike yokuthengisa iminyaka, iya kubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu entsebenziswano, abahlalutyi bathi.Ngo-2025, iChina kulindeleke ukuba ithengise i-7.5 yezigidi ze-NEVs, ibala i-48 yepesenti yesabelo semarike yehlabathi, ngokutsho kwe-IEA.
Abahlalutyi baqaphele ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi kweArgentina, iBolivia kunye neChile kunye neChina ibalulekile, njengoko amazwe amathathu enza malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zemveliso ye-lithium yehlabathi, kunye ne-Australia ibalwa uninzi lwezabelo eziseleyo.
I-lithium idla ngokutsalwa kwiiflethi zetyuwa zaseMzantsi Melika ngokumpompa i-brine kumachibi kwaye emva koko ilungise i-lithium, ekhazimlayo xa amanzi ephuphuma.Kuthatha ixesha kunye notyalo-mali ukwakha iziseko zophuhliso, apho iChina ingaba liqabane lexesha elide, abahlalutyi bathi.
Umanyano lwe-lithium, ukuba lusekwe ngempumelelo, lunokuguqula ukulawulwa kweNtshona kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamazwe obutyebi be-lithium, kunikwe indawo ehamba phambili yamazwe amathathu agcinwe, utshilo u-Chen.
Kodwa ukungaqiniseki kusekho ukusekwa komanyano lwamaxabiso e-lithium, abahlalutyi balumkisile.
“Okwangoku, izibonelelo ze-lithium azikafikeleli kubunzima bobuchule bezixhobo zepetroleum.Ngeli xesha, ingxaki yamandla yamva nje ithintele uphuhliso lwehlabathi lweshishini elitsha lamandla kwixesha elifutshane,” utshilo uChen.
Ngokomlingane wophando, kukho imiqobo esebenzayo yobugcisa ukungqinelanisa imveliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezoshishino kumazwe amathathu.Akulula ukulungelelanisa umthamo wemveliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, njengangaphakathi kwe-OPEC.
Nokuba umfelandawonye we-lithium unokumiselwa ngokusesikweni, awunakuyalela ngoko nangoko ixabiso le-lithium ore, unikwe umlinganiselo omncinci kwimveliso ye-lithium, u-Bai Wenxi, ingcali yezoqoqosho ye-IPG China, uxelele iGlobal Times ngeCawa.
Umsebenzi mgodini uthatha iisampulu zamanzi kwidama le-brine kumgodi wasekhaya weLithium eCalama, kwingingqi yaseAntofagasta, eChile.Ifoto: VCG
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2022