Ihlabathi lifuna amandla angakumbi, ngokukhethekayo ngendlela ecocekileyo nehlaziyekayo.Izicwangciso zethu zokugcina amandla ngoku zibunjwe ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion - kumda wobuchwephesha obunjalo - kodwa sinokulindela ntoni kwiminyaka ezayo?
Masiqale ngezinye iziseko zebhetri.Ibhetri yipakethi yeeseli enye okanye ngaphezulu, nganye ine-electrode efanelekileyo (i-cathode), i-electrode engafanelekanga (i-anode), i-separator kunye ne-electrolyte.Ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kunye nemathiriyeli kwezi kuchaphazela iimpawu zebhetri - ukuba angakanani amandla enokuwagcina kunye nemveliso, amandla angakanani anokubonelela okanye inani lamaxesha anokukhutshwa kwaye atshajwe kwakhona (ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumthamo webhayisikile).
Iinkampani zebhetri zihlala zizama ukufumana iikhemistri ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ezixineneyo, ezikhaphukhaphu kwaye ezinamandla ngakumbi.Sathetha noPatrick Bernard - UMlawuli woPhando we-Saft, owachaza iiteknoloji ezintathu zebhetri ezintsha ezinokuguqulwa.
ISIZUKU ESITSHA IIBHETRI ZELITHIUM-ION
Yintoni?
Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion (i-li-ion), ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhululwa kunikezelwa ngokuhamba kwe-lithium ion ukusuka kwi-positive ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga emva nangaphandle nge-electrolyte.Kule teknoloji, i-electrode efanelekileyo isebenza njengomthombo wokuqala we-lithium kunye ne-electrode engafanelekanga njengomgcini we-lithium.Iikhemistri ezininzi ziqokelelwa phantsi kwegama leebhetri ze-li-ion, njengesiphumo samashumi eminyaka okukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kufutshane nokugqibelela kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezingalunganga.I-lithiated metal oxides okanye iiphosphates zezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo.Igraphite, kodwa kunye negraphite / isilicon okanye i-lithiated titanium oxides zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezimbi.
Ngezixhobo zokwenyani kunye noyilo lweeseli, itekhnoloji ye-li-ion kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kumda wamandla kwiminyaka ezayo.Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyaniswa kwamva nje kweentsapho ezintsha zezinto eziphazamisayo kufuneka kuvule imida ekhoyo.Ezi zixhobo ezintsha zinokugcina i-lithium eninzi kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative kwaye iya kuvumela okokuqala ukudibanisa amandla kunye namandla.Ukongeza, ngezi khompawundi zintsha, ukunqongophala kunye nokugxeka kwemathiriyeli ekrwada nako kuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Ziziphi iingenelo zayo?
Namhlanje, phakathi kwazo zonke iitekhnoloji zokugcina i-state-of-art, iteknoloji yebhethri ye-li-ion ivumela inqanaba eliphezulu lokuxinana kwamandla.Imisebenzi efana nentlawulo ekhawulezayo okanye ifestile yokusebenza kweqondo lokushisa (-50 ° C ukuya kwi-125 ° C) inokulungiswa kakuhle ngokukhetha okukhulu koyilo lweeseli kunye neekhemistri.Ngaphaya koko, iibhetri ze-li-ion zibonisa izinto eziluncedo ezongezelelekileyo njengokuzikhupha okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nobomi obude kunye nomdlalo webhayisikile, amawaka eejiyile zokutshaja/ukukhupha.
Sinokuyilindela nini?
Isizukulwana esitsha seebhetri ze-li-ion eziphucukileyo kulindeleke ukuba zifakwe phambi kwesizukulwana sokuqala seebhetri eziqinileyo.Ziya kuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana neeNkqubo zokuGcina amandlaezivuselelekayokunye nezothutho (elwandle, oololiwe,uphaphokunye nokushukuma endleleni) apho amandla aphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko lunyanzelekile.
IIETRITHI ZE-LITHIUM-ISLUFUR
Yintoni?
Kwiibhetri ze-li-ion, ii-ion ze-lithium zigcinwa kwizinto ezisebenzayo ezisebenza njengezakhiwo ezizinzileyo zokusingatha ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa.Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur (Li-S), akukho zakhiwo zokubamba.Ngelixa ukukhutshwa, i-lithium anode idliwe kwaye isulfure iguqulwe ibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali;ngexesha lokutshaja, inkqubo yokubuyela umva iyenzeka.
Ziziphi iingenelo zayo?
Ibhetri ye-Li-S isebenzisa izinto ezilula kakhulu ezisebenzayo: isulfure kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-metallic lithium njenge-electrode engalunganga.Kungenxa yoko le nto uxinaniso lwamandla ethiyori luphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga: ngokuphindwe kane kunolo lwe-lithium-ion.Loo nto iyenza ilingane kakuhle kwimizi-mveliso yezomoya kunye nezasemajukujukwini.
I-Saft ikhethe kwaye yathanda eyona teknoloji ye-Li-S ithembisayo esekwe kwi-electrolyte yesimo esiqinileyo.Le ndlela yobugcisa izisa uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu kakhulu, ubomi obude kwaye yoyisa eyona miqobo iphambili yolwelo olusekwe kwi-Li-S (ubomi obulinganiselweyo, ukuzikhupha okuphezulu, ...).
Ngaphaya koko, obu buchwepheshe buyongezelela kwi-lithium-ion yelizwe eliqinileyo ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla egravimetric ephezulu (+ 30% esengozini kwi-Wh/kg).
Sinokuyilindela nini?
Imiqobo engundoqo yetekhnoloji sele yoyisiwe kwaye inqanaba lokuvuthwa liqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiiprototypes zesikali esipheleleyo.
Kwizicelo ezifuna ubomi bebhetri obude, obu buchwephesha kulindeleke ukuba bufike kwimarike emva nje kokuqina kwe-lithium-ion.
IIETRITHI ZIKARHULUMENTE EZILIDILEYO
Yintoni?
Iibhetri zombuso eziqinileyo zibonisa utshintsho lweparadigm ngokwemigaqo yeteknoloji.Kwiibhetri ze-li-ion zanamhlanje, ii-ion zihamba ukusuka kwenye i-electrode ukuya kwenye ngapha kwe-electrolyte engamanzi (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ionic conductivity).Kuzo zonke iibhetri zombuso eziqinileyo, i-electrolyte engamanzi ithathelwa indawo yikhompawundi eqinileyo evumela i-lithium ion ukuba ifuduke ngaphakathi kwayo.Le ngcamango ikude kunentsha, kodwa kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo - ngenxa yophando olunzulu lwehlabathi lonke - iintsapho ezintsha zee-electrolyte eziqinileyo zifunyenwe zine-ionic conductivity ephezulu kakhulu, efana ne-electrolyte yolwelo, evumela lo mqobo wezobuchwepheshe ukuba woyiswe.
Namhlanje,SaftUphando kunye neenzame zoPhuhliso zijolise kwiindidi eziphambili ze-2: iipolymers kunye neekhompawundi ze-inorganic, ezijolise kwi-synergy yeempawu ze-physico-chemical ezifana nokuqhubekeka, ukuzinza, ukuqhuba ...
Ziziphi iingenelo zayo?
Inzuzo yokuqala enkulu kukuphucuka okuphawulweyo kukhuseleko kumanqanaba eeseli kunye nebhetri: i-electrolyte eqinileyo ayinakutsha xa ishushu, ngokungafaniyo nolwelo.Okwesibini, ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, i-high-voltage high-capacity materials, eyenza i-denser, iibhetri ezilula kunye ne-shelf-life engcono ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuzikhupha.Ngaphaya koko, kwinqanaba lenkqubo, iya kuzisa iingenelo ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngoomatshini abalula kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal nokhuseleko.
Njengoko iibhetri zinokubonisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wobunzima bobunzima, zinokuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane.
Sinokuyilindela nini?
Iindidi ezininzi zeebhetri zelizwe eziqinileyo zinokuthi zize kwintengiso njengoko inkqubela yetekhnoloji iqhubeka.Eyokuqala iya kuba ziibhetri zombuso oqinileyo kunye ne-graphite-based anode, ezisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokhuseleko.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, itekhnoloji yebhethri yelizwe eqinileyo elula esebenzisa i-metallic lithium anode kufuneka ifumaneke kurhwebo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2022